3 10 37 https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/a1b93bbe29dd82c5943d99c6614c12e1.pdf cda99e7a1b40fbf8f9b79c5c5cbf5c8f Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Using Queer Theory in Robin Hood The purpose of this exhibit is to bring attention to the possibility of a queer intersectional reading of the homosocial bond in the Robin Hood ballads. I form my conception of queer intersectionality by looking at the intersections of masculinity and sexuality and how they function as oppressive structures. Queer theory offers a unique way to look at heterosexuality as an oppressive structure. Since queer theory is broad and uses multiple ways to examine sexaulity, I take Cathy Cohen's summary of the theory as a basis for my argument: ...queer theory focuses on and makes central not only the socially constructed nature of sexuality and sexual categories, but also the varying degrees and multiple sites of power distributed within all categories of sexuality, including the normative category of heterosexuality (439). Queer theory, according to Cohen, allows for an understanding of how sexuality is constructed and contained by social structures to marginalize and oppress those who do not fit the established “norm” (439). The perspective of queer theory I use in my analysis in “Robin Hood and Guy of Gisbore” focuses on how hetereosexuality is affected by the (seeming) absence of homosexuality, and how heteronormativity seeks to keep out the “unnatural.” Though queerness in “Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne” may be seemingly non-existant, the fact that explicit queerness is excluded from the text and the initial readings of the text says more about how and why dominant structures do not acknowledge its existence. In Adrienne Rich’s “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence,” she suggests heterosexuailty be examined as a “political institution” (637). She details a history of how heterosexuality was forced on women (through marriage, through motherhood, through rape) as a way to oppress them from obtaining a sense of their own sexuality. Rich’s essay conveys how a group of people with “deviant” identities can be erased from society by the dominant structure—heterosexuality. As both Foucault and Rich argue, through the exclusion of non-normative identities, the normative group acknowledges the other as a threat to their normativity. To Be Queer, But Also Intersectional My usage of “queer intersectionality” theory versus simply “queer” theory is a critique on how queer theory often excludes multiple identities from analyses. First introduced by law professor Kimbrelé Williams Crenshaw, the term “intersectionality” addresses the need to look how people with multiple identities (race, gender, class, disability, etc.) are affected by multiple forms of oppression at once. Crenshaw explains “the way we imagine discrimination or disempowerment often is more complicated for people who are subjected to multiple forms of exclusion…” (huffpost.com). Adding “queer” with “intersectionality” into the conversation opens up room to examine multiple identities at once. Queer theory should by definition include other marginalized groups, but, for instance, many queer people of color find that the queer community of mostly white gay men, are not receptive of acknowledging race and other intersectional identities into the community. In the legal essay, “Queer Intersectionality and the Failure of Recent Lesbian and Gay ‘Victories,’” Darren Rosenblum explains the need to acknowledge multiple identities in the queer community. Queer intersectionality serves as a way to examine how multiple identities, whether they be “natural” or “unnatural,” function side by side by side. I must admit, in my reading of "Robin Hood and Guy and Gisborne" I did not acknowledge how race related to able-bodiedness and queerness. Future scholars could begin to figure out how those identities relate to each other and what those implications say about violence and sexuality in the Robin Hood ballads. Tying All Queerness Together Queer theory and intersectionality allow a unique way to look at a variety of identities—such as race, gender, sexuality, class, to name a few—and their relationship to normative power structures. When scholars view the ballads with a queer intersectional lens, the Robin Hood ballads could then make a transition into being one that offers change about the way we look at gender, sexuality, and ability. The ballads pose an interesting question about what is a normal person and who decides that. Tim Beneke ends his book about manhood with some thoughtful words. I have injected here a bit to be more inclusive: “It is hard for a [“normal” person] to live a full emotional life while straining to appear [normal]. Ridding the world of [racist, ableist, sexist, homophobic, etc.] oppression will help free [normal people] as well as [those who do not fit into the norm]” (155, brackets added are mine). As long as there is an idea that there is a such thing as normal, people will continue to be forced to maintain it. Once we get rid of that, we can create safe environments welcome to multiple identities. Works Cited Beneke, Timothy. Proving Manhood: Reflections on Men and Sexism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Cohen, Cathy J. “Punks, Bulldaggers, and Welfare Queens: Radical Potential of Queer Politics?” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 3, 437-465. Crenshaw, Kimberle. "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine.” Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics," University of Chicago Legal Forum: Vol. 1989: Iss. 1, Article 8, http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8 McRuer, Robert. “Compulsory Able-Bodiedness and Queer/Disabled Existence.” in Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability, ed. Robert McRuer, (New York:NYU Press, 2006). 88-99. Rich, Adrienne. “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence.” Signs, vol. 5, no. 4, 1980, pp. 631–660. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3173834. Rosenblum, Darren. “Queer Intersectionality and the Failure of Recent Lesbian and Gay ‘Victories’.” 4 Law & Sexuality 83 (1994), http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawfaculty/210/. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource How To Read Robin Hood with a Queer Lens Description An account of the resource Here, I suggest a few queer theories to read the Robin Hood ballads. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jalen Thompson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 15, 2018 https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/8c4535a702b5027437531f0c242841c5.pdf b3aefde3aedea955db82bcef3015f2e4 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document A translation of "Robin Hood's Fishing" Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data PDF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ballad Translation for Robin Hood's Fishing Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood rhyme 17th century Robin Hood ballad Knight & Ohlgren rhyme Scarborough Description An account of the resource A typed file of a lightly modernized translation of the "Robin Hood's Fishing" ballad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katie W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English 419 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 17th century, mid-1600s Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Katie W. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource PDF ballad fishing Robin hood Robin Hood's Fishing Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. URL https://soundcloud.com/user-257619530/robin-hood-and-the-beggar-ii Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reading of "Robin Hood and the Beggar, II" Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood, late ballad, recording, 17th century ballad Description An account of the resource Reading of "Robin Hood and the Beggar, II" by Hannah Mummert Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hannah Mummert Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived SoundCloud Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available SoundCloud Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 17 April 2018 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hannah Mummert Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource Robin Hood and the Beggar, II Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3 Language A language of the resource English https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/891a54202b10c4ca7ff45bb0c4628819.pdf 4fb326d688df0a969d0deda3dee1e6e4 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Close Reading Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data PDF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robin Hood's Fishing Close Reading Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood rhyme 17th century Robin Hood ballad Knight & Ohlgren rhyme Scarborough Description An account of the resource A close reading of Robin Hood's Fishing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katie W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English 419 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Katie W. Relation A related resource Original Ballad of Robin Hood's Fishing Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource PDF ballad fishing Robin hood Robin Hood's Fishing transportation https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/fd2da400735e2c52cf6b953856e5c978.pdf b9c5cf64b03c211ea19b8365d9e95261 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne" (Original Ballad) Description An account of the resource This is the original text which I use for my translation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stephen Knight, Thomas H. Ohlgren Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <span>http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/robin-hood-and-guy-of-gisborne</span> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 9, 2018 https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/993cbabd488638ee20376939c2cc2ff8.pdf 939a4283897cecf3ea2eae9b82e2897e Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document A list of resources for Robin Hood's Fishing and physical disability Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data PDF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Curated Reading List for Robin Hood's Fishing Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood rhyme 17th century Robin Hood ballad Knight & Ohlgren rhyme Scarborough Description An account of the resource A reading list for Robin Hood's Fishing and physical disabilities Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katie W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English 419 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Katie W. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource PDF ballad boats fishing physical disability Robin hood Robin Hood's Fishing transportation https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/599e4d816d0b611ed5e4a3623908d68d.pdf 5213eb0a3a2dd8690190f45fd7b4d4b6 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne" Translation by Jalen Description An account of the resource A translation of the ballad per Knight and Ohlgren Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jalen Thompson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 9, 2018 https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/ffa392e69857b0d45871e6f3775a79ba.jpg d5efe33b0330ee6964d9cf248ebd35ec Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Drawing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drawing of the Beggar Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood, late century ballad, drawing, 17th century ballad, Robin Hood and the Beggar II Description An account of the resource Drawing of the Beggar that Robin Hood meets in the forest Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anon Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Louis Rhead, Bold Robin Hood and His Outlaw Band (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1912) 165 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ClipArtEtc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1912 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hannah Mummert Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource Robin Hood and the Beggar, II Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Drawing Language A language of the resource English https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/a76f3a2b030a44f693a734b4b7ce3a6e.pdf 58681171422941d473e4f1cb7c7af3ea Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reading List Description An account of the resource A list of suggested readings pertaining to queer theory and the Robin Hood ballads. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jalen Thompson https://www.carmichaeldigitalprojects.org/outlawballads/files/original/5a8210d27c79cbc78fd9ad4fd03f2b0f.jpg 857a7855b47198a4a10beb2426aefa8e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Drawing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robin Hood's Fishing Drawing Subject The topic of the resource Robin Hood photo 17th century Robin Hood ballad Knight & Ohlgren rhyme Scarborough Description An account of the resource A photograph contained in the text for Knight and Ohlgren's Robin Hood's Fishing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stephen Knight & Thomas Ohlgren Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Knight, Stephen Thomas, and Thomas H. Ohlgren, editors. “Robin Hood's Fishing.” Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales, Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 2000, pp. 580. TEAMS Middle English Texts Series. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English 419 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Katie W. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Drawing ballad boat fishing Robin hood Robin Hood's Fishing